The Goldstone bosons of the symmetry breaking are the pseudoscalar mesons.
2.
Pseudovector mesons transition by a similar process into pseudoscalar mesons.
3.
The Cooper pairs are analogous to the pseudoscalar mesons.
4.
Pseudoscalar mesons are commonly seen in proton-proton scattering and proton-antiproton annihilation.
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An example of this broader use of singlet-style terminology is the nine-member " nonet " of the pseudoscalar mesons.
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However, the decay properties of the pseudoscalar mesons, particularly of eta and eta prime, are somewhat contradictory to the mass hierarchy.
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The masses of the actual pseudoscalar meson octet are found by an expansion in the quark masses which goes by the name of chiral perturbation theory.
8.
The Yukawa interaction can be used to describe the nuclear force between nucleons ( which are fermions ), mediated by pions ( which are pseudoscalar mesons ).
9.
The structure of the pseudoscalar meson multiplet, and also the ground state baryon multiplets, led Gell-Mann ( and Zweig, independently ) to create the well known quark model.
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The "'Primakoff effect "', named after Henry Primakoff, is the resonant production of neutral pseudoscalar mesons by high-energy photons interacting with an atomic nucleus.
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